Louisiana State Penitentiary

==Composition==
[[File:Acklen - Panola Belle View Killarney Angola plantations Louisiana 1858.jpg|thumb|Map of [[Adelicia Acklen]]'s Panola, Belle View, Killarney, and Angola plantations in Louisiana in 1858]]
[[File:AngolaOverhead1998.png|thumb|An aerial view of Louisiana State Penitentiary, January 10, 1998, [[U.S. Geological Survey]]]]
The {{convert|18000|acre|ha|adj=on}} prison property occupies a {{convert|28|sqmi|km2|adj=on}} area.<ref>McShane, Marilyn D. and Franklin P. Williams. ''Encyclopedia of American Prisons''. [[Taylor & Francis]], 1996. [https://books.google.com/books?id=wlje5poN3IQC&dq=%22Angola%2C+Louisiana%22+plantation&pg=PA53 53]. Retrieved from [[Google Books]] on February 4, 2011.</ref> The size of the prison property is larger than the size of Manhattan.<ref name="SecondsofF">Applebome, Peter. "[https://www.nytimes.com/books/98/10/18/reviews/981018.18appelbt.html Seconds of Freedom]." ''[[The New York Times]]''. October 18, 1998. Retrieved on August 25, 2010. "Angola covers 18,000 acres, larger than the island of Manhattan."</ref> Charles Wolfe and Kip Lornell, authors of ''The Life and Legend of Leadbelly'', stated that Angola of the 1990s looks "more like a large working plantation than one of the most notorious prisons in the United States." Officers patrol the complex on horseback, as many of the prison acres are devoted to cultivation of crops. By 1999 the prison's primary roads had been paved.<ref name="Leadbelly100"/>

The prison property is surrounded by the Tunica Hills and by the Mississippi River. The perimeter of the property is not fenced, while the individual prisoner dormitory and recreational camps are fenced.<ref name="PasteRadio2"/> Most of the prison buildings are yellow with a red trim.<ref name="Varnado179"/>
[[File:Lake Killarney, Angola LA.jpg|thumb|Lake Killarney, a geographic feature of Angola]]

===Inmate quarters===
The state of Louisiana considers Angola to be a multi-security institution. 29% of the prison's beds are designated for maximum security inmates.<ref>"[http://www.corrections.state.la.us/Wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2009/10/Time_in_Prison11.pdf Time in Prison] {{webarchive |url=https://www.webcitation.org/6Bdg2h6fj?url=http://www.corrections.state.la.us/Wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2009/10/Time_in_Prison11.pdf |date=2012-10-23 }}." [[Louisiana Department of Public Safety & Corrections]]. 14/40. Retrieved on September 23, 2010.</ref> The inmates live in several housing units scattered across the Angola grounds. By the 1990s air conditioning and heating units had been installed in the inmate housing units.<ref name="Leadbelly100"/>

Most inmates live in dormitories instead of cell blocks. The prison administration states that this is because having "inmates of all ages and with long sentences live this way encourages cooperation and healthy peer relationships."<ref name="Time in Prison"/>

====Main Prison Complex====
The Main Prison Complex consists of the East Yard and the West Yard. The East Yard has 16 minimum and medium custody prisoner dormitories and one maximum custody extended lockdown cellblock; the cellblock houses long-term extended-lockdown prisoners, in-transit administrative segregation prisoners, inmates who need mental health attention, and protective-custody inmates.<ref name="Photoalbum">"[http://www.corrections.state.la.us/lsp/photos.php Photo Album] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101023113314/http://www.corrections.state.la.us/LSP/photos.php |date=2010-10-23 }}." ([http://www.doc.louisiana.gov/LSP/photos.php Alternate link] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101015055656/http://doc.louisiana.gov/LSP/photos.php |date=October 15, 2010 }}) Louisiana State Penitentiary. Retrieved on July 20, 2010.</ref>

The West Yard has 16 minimum and medium custody prisoner dormitories, two administrative segregation cellblocks, and the prison treatment center. The treatment center houses geriatric, hospice, and ill in-transit prisoners.<ref name="Photoalbum"/> As of 1999 the main prison complex houses half of Angola's prisoners.<ref>"[https://www.nytimes.com/books/first/b/bergner-rodeo.html Chapter One God of the Rodeo]." ''[[The New York Times]]''. Retrieved on October 28, 2010.</ref><!--Book was published in 1999-->

Dormitories within the main prison include the Ash, Cypress, Hickory, Magnolia, Oak, Pine, Spruce, and Walnut dormitories. The cell blocks are A, B, C, and D. The main prison also houses the local Main Prison administration building, a gymnasium, a kitchen/dining facility, the Angola Vocational School, and the Judge [[Henry A. Politz]] Educational building.<ref name="Buildinglist">"[http://www.doa.la.gov/orm/excel/fec18_buildings_1m.xls Buildings with Replacement Cost Values Greater Than $1,000,000 as of 2/14/2005]." ([https://web.archive.org/web/20120402102637/http://www.doa.la.gov/orm/excel/fec18_buildings_1m.xls Archive]) State of Louisiana. Retrieved on May 1, 2012.</ref>

====Outcamps====
Angola also has several outcamps. Camp C includes eight minimum and medium custody dormitories, one cellblock with administrative segregation and working cellblock prisoners, and one extended lockdown cellblock.<ref name="Photoalbum"/> Camp C includes the Bear and Wolf dormitories and Jaguar and Tiger cellblocks.<ref name="Buildinglist"/> Camp D has the same features as Camp C, except that it has one working cellblock instead of an extended lockdown cellblock, and its other cellblock does not have working prisoners.<ref name="Photoalbum"/> Camp D houses the Eagle and Falcon dormitories and the Hawk and Raven cellblocks.<ref name="Buildinglist"/>

Camp F has four minimum custody dormitories and the "Dog Pen", which houses 11 minimum custody inmates.<ref name="Photoalbum"/> All of the prisoners housed in Camp F are "[[Trusty system (prison)|trusties]]", who mop floors, deliver food to fellow prisoners, and perform other support tasks.<ref name="Varnado184">Varnado, Michael L. and Daniel P. Smith. ''Victims of Dead Man Walking''. [[Pelican Publishing]], 2003. [https://books.google.com/books?id=vSdXjSNM1lwC&dq=%22The+death+chamber+is+housed+in+Camp+F%22&pg=PA184 184]. Retrieved from [[Google Books]] on November 2, 2010. {{ISBN|1-58980-156-3}}, {{ISBN|978-1-58980-156-1}}.</ref> Camp F also houses Angola's execution chamber.<ref>"[http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=AD&p_theme=ad&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=12D1441D1B923E28&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM Officials prep for Bordelon's execution Thursday]." ''[[The Advocate (Louisiana)|The Advocate]]''. January 6, 2010. Retrieved on August 24, 2010. "Laborde said Bordelon has been moved from Angola's new Death Row facility to a cell at nearby Camp F, where the execution chamber is located"</ref> Camp F has a lake where trusties fish.<ref name="Varnado184"/> A prisoner quoted in ''Self-governance, Normalcy and Control: Inmate-produced Media at the Louisiana State Penitentiary at Angola'' described Camp F as being "off from the rest of the prison".<ref>Churcher, Kalen Mary Ann. ''Self-governance, Normalcy and Control: Inmate-produced Media at the Louisiana State Penitentiary at Angola''. [[Pennsylvania State University]]. [[ProQuest]], 2008. p. 90. {{ISBN|0-549-92173-7}}, {{ISBN|978-0-549-92173-8}}</ref>

The Close Cell Restricted (CCR) unit, an isolation unit located near the Angola main entrance, has 101 isolation cells and 40 trustee beds. Jimmy LeBlanc, the corrections secretary, said in October 2010 that the State of Louisiana could save about $1.8&nbsp;million during the remaining nine months of the 2010–2011 fiscal year if it closed CCR and moved prisoners to unused death row cells and possibly some Camp D double bunks. LeBlanc said that the prisoners in isolation would remain isolated.<ref>Millhollon, Michelle. "[http://www.2theadvocate.com/news/104917929.html?showAll=y&c=y Corrections agency may sell off prisons]{{Dead link|date=August 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}." ''[[The Advocate (Louisiana)|The Advocate]]''. October 14, 2010. Retrieved on October 27, 2010.</ref>

Camp J was in operation until its 2018 closure.<ref>{{cite web|last=Toohey|first=Grace|url=https://www.theadvocate.com/baton_rouge/news/crime_police/article_b39f1e82-4d84-11e8-bbc2-1ff70a3227e7.html|title=Angola closes its notorious Camp J, 'a microcosm of a lot of things that are wrong' |newspaper=[[The Advocate (Louisiana)|The Advocate]]|date=2018-05-13|access-date=2020-08-30}}</ref> It has four extended lockdown cellblocks, which contained prisoners with disciplinary problems, and one dormitory with minimum and medium custody inmates who provide housekeeping functions for Camp J.<ref name="Photoalbum"/> Camp J housed the Alligator, Barracuda, Gar<!--What's a gar?-->, and Shark cellblocks.<ref name="Buildinglist"/>

=====Reception center and death row=====
The Reception Center, the closest prison housing building to the main entrance, acts as a reception center for arriving prisoners. It is located to the right of the main highway, inside the main gate.<ref name="Varnado179"/> In addition it contains the [[death row]] for male inmates in Louisiana, with 101 extended lockdown cells housing condemned inmates.<ref name="Photoalbum"/> The death row facility has a central room and multiple tiers. The entrance to each tier includes a locked door and color photographs of the prisoners located in each tier.<ref name=Ridgeway3>Ridgeway, James. "God's Own Warden." ''[[Mother Jones (magazine)|Mother Jones]]''. July/August 2011 Issue. p. [https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2011/07/burl-cain-angola-prison?page=3 3]. Retrieved on March 23, 2013. "And I've seen a lot of good come out of faith-based programs—which, particularly in prison, fill the void created when lawmakers nationwide slashed funding for rehabilitation. In 1994, for example, Congress dealt a crushing blow to prison education by making inmates ineligible for higher-education Pell grants. Prison college programs, which had proved the single most effective tool for reducing recidivism, disappeared almost overnight. In Louisiana today, 1 percent of the corrections budget goes to rehabilitation. The imbalance "makes no rational sense from a prison management point of view," says David Fathi, who heads the ACLU's National Prison Project. "But unfortunately it makes political sense for the next election." As a result, he says, "the religiously inspired programs are pretty much all there is.""</ref>

Death row includes eight tiers, lettered A to G. Seven tiers have 15 cells each, while one tier has 11 cells. Each hallway has a cell that is used for showering.<ref name="Varnado180">Varnado, Michael L., and Daniel P. Smith. ''Victims of Dead Man Walking''. [[Pelican Publishing]], 2003. [https://books.google.com/books?id=vSdXjSNM1lwC&dq=%22Once+inside+the+building%2C+you+have+the+office+of+the+assistant+warden%22&pg=PA180 180]. Retrieved from [[Google Books]] on November 2, 2010. {{ISBN|1-58980-156-3}}, {{ISBN|978-1-58980-156-1}}.</ref> The death row houses exercise areas with basketball posts.<ref name="Varnado182">Varnado, Michael L. and Daniel P. Smith. ''Victims of Dead Man Walking''. [[Pelican Publishing]], 2003. [https://books.google.com/books?id=vSdXjSNM1lwC&dq=%22each+exercise+area+looks+like+a+dog+run%22&pg=PA182 182]. Retrieved from [[Google Books]] on November 2, 2010. {{ISBN|1-58980-156-3}}, {{ISBN|978-1-58980-156-1}}.</ref> The death row facility was constructed in 2006 and there is no air conditioning or cross ventilation.<ref name=McGaughyDeathrowstarted>McGaughy, Lauren. "[http://www.nola.com/crime/baton-rouge/index.ssf/2013/08/louisiana_death_row_inmates_te.html Louisiana death row inmates testify to 'indescribable' heat at Angola prison]." ''[[The Times Picayune]]''. August 6, 2013. Updated August 8, 2013. Retrieved on October 7, 2013.</ref> In addition, the Reception Center has one minimum custody dormitory with inmates who provide housekeeping for the facility.<ref name="Photoalbum"/>

In June 2013 three prisoners filed a federal lawsuit against the prison in the court in Baton Rouge, alleging that the death row facility does not have adequate measures to prevent overheating.<ref name=McHaughysueext>McHaughy, Lauren. "[http://www.nola.com/crime/index.ssf/2013/06/death_row_inmates_sue_angola_p.html Death row inmates sue Angola Prison over 'extreme' temperatures]." ''[[The Times Picayune]]''. June 10, 2013. Updated June 11, 2013. Retrieved on October 7, 2013.</ref> The prisoners said that due to pre-existing medical conditions, the heat may cause health problems. Brian A. Jackson, the district federal judge, ordered collection of temperature data at the Angola death row for three weeks to determine the conditions. During that time, Angola officials blasted outer walls of the prison with water cannons and installed window awnings to attempt to lower temperature data. In response, Jackson said that he was "troubled" by the possibility of manipulating the temperature data.<ref name=McGaughyDeathrowstarted/>

On Monday August 5, 2013<!--August 6 is a Tuesday-->, the federal trial regarding the condition of the death row in high heat started.<ref name=McGaughyDeathrowstarted/> The following day, Warden Burl Cain apologized for violating the court order regarding data collection.<ref>McGaughy, Lauren. "[http://www.nola.com/crime/baton-rouge/index.ssf/2013/08/angola_warden_apologizes_for_v.html Angola prison warden apologizes for violating court order during death row heat lawsuit]." ''[[New Orleans Times Picayune]]''. August 6, 2013. Updated August 7, 2013. Retrieved on October 8, 2013.</ref> On Wednesday August 7, 2013, closing arguments in the trial ended.<ref>McGaughy, Lauren. "[http://www.nola.com/crime/baton-rouge/index.ssf/2013/08/angola_prison_heat_trial_wraps.html Angola prison heat trial wraps up as judge confirms visit to Louisiana's death row]." ''[[The Times-Picayune]]''. August 7, 2013. Retrieved on October 8, 2013.</ref> In December 2013 U.S. District Judge Brian Jackson ruled that the heat index of the prison was cruel and unusual punishment, and therefore, a cooling system must be installed. By 2014 a court-ordered plan to install a cooling system was underway.<ref>Gyan, Joe Jr. "[http://theadvocate.com/home/9256687-125/judge-approves-air-cooling-plan Judge approves air cooling plan for death row]." ''[[The Advocate (Louisiana)|The Advocate]]''. May 23, 2014. Retrieved on September 16, 2015.</ref>

As of May 2019, the issue was close to being resolved after a 6-year long court battle. A settlement has been reached between the death row inmates and the prison. The settlement agreement calls for daily showers for the three Angola inmates of at least 15 minutes; individual ice containers that are replenished in a timely manner by prison staff; individual fans; water faucets in their cells; "IcyBreeze" units or so-called "Cajun coolers"; and the diversion of cool air from the death row guard pod into their cells. Even though these measures have already been put in place, the court ruling could take until November 2019 to be made final by judge Brian Jackson.{{citation needed|date=August 2020}}

===B-Line===
[[File:TunicaESLouisiana.JPG|thumb|Tunica Elementary School previously served children living on the Angola property]]

The facility includes a group of houses, called the "B-Line",<ref name="Activities"/> which function as residences for prison staff members and their families; inmates perform services for the staff members and their households. The employee housing includes recreational centers, pools, and parks.<ref name="SullivanDoubts">Sullivan, Laura. "[https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=96030547 Doubts Arise About 1972 Angola Prison Murder]." ''[[National Public Radio]]''. October 27, 2008. Retrieved on July 17, 2010.</ref> The Angola B-Line Chapel was dedicated on Friday, July 17, 2009, at 4:00&nbsp;pm.<ref name="CampCBLineChap"/>

Residents on the prison grounds are zoned to [[West Feliciana Parish Public Schools]].<!--Everything in the parish is zoned to West Feliciana Schools--> Primary schools serving the Angola grounds include Bains Lower Elementary School and Bains Elementary School in [[Bains, Louisiana|Bains]].<ref name="Tunicaclosed">Rivas, Brittany. "[http://www.wbrz.com/news/west-feliciana-board-closes-elementary-school West Feliciana board closes elementary school] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140630225713/http://www.wbrz.com/news/west-feliciana-board-closes-elementary-school |date=2014-06-30 }}." ''[[WBRZ]]''. May 18, 2007. Retrieved on February 18, 2012.</ref> Secondary schools serving the Angola grounds are West Feliciana Middle School and [[West Feliciana High School]] in Bains.<ref>"[http://www.wfpsb.org/Schools/schools.html Schools] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100715053638/https://www.wfpsb.org/Schools/schools.html |date=2010-07-15 }}." [[West Feliciana Parish Public Schools]]. Retrieved on August 16, 2010.</ref> The West Feliciana Parish Library is located in St. Francisville.<ref>"[http://www.youseemore.com/westfeliciana/directory.asp Directory]." West Feliciana Parish Library. Retrieved on September 29, 2010.</ref> The library, previously a part of the Audubon Regional Library System, became independent in January 2004.<ref>"[http://www.youseemore.com/westfeliciana/about.asp About Us]." West Feliciana Parish Library. Retrieved on September 29, 2010.</ref> West Feliciana Parish is in the service area of [[Baton Rouge Community College]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lctcs.edu/our-colleges|title=Our Colleges|publisher=[[Louisiana's Technical and Community Colleges]]|accessdate=2021-06-03}}</ref>

Previously elementary school children attended Tunica Elementary School in Tunica, Louisiana,<ref name="Fairenlivens">"Fair enlivens out-of-the-way school." ''[[The Advocate (Louisiana)|The Advocate]]''. May 18, 1991. Retrieved on August 16, 2010. "Tunica Elementary is only a few miles from the main gate of the Louisiana State Penitentiary at Angola and many of its students live on the 18000acre prison"</ref><!--Found on Google News - the archive article link was broken. But this article obviously existed. The Advocate archive searches go to 1995--> located in proximity to Angola.<ref>"[http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=AD&p_theme=ad&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0EB476F7A6019137&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM Complaints build over cutbacks, board says]." ''[[The Advocate (Louisiana)|The Advocate]]''. August 18, 1992. Retrieved on August 16, 2010. "John Cobb and Billy Bishop asked board members to overturn a staff decision to reassign their children to Tunica Elementary located near Angola ..."</ref> The school building, {{convert|4|mi|km|0|abbr=off|spell=on|sp=us}} from Angola,<ref name="WFProfile">"[http://wfpsb.org/education/page/download.php?fileinfo=U2VjdGlvbl8zX0Rpc3RyaWN0X1Byb2ZpbGVfLnBkZjo6Oi93d3c1L3NjaG9vbHMvbGEvd2VzdGZlbGljaWFuYS9pbWFnZXMvZG9jbWdyLzQzMGZpbGUzMDQucGRm West Feliciana Parish School System Profile]." ([https://www.webcitation.org/65YbPN73A?url=http://wfpsb.org/education/page/download.php?fileinfo%3DU2VjdGlvbl8zX0Rpc3RyaWN0X1Byb2ZpbGVfLnBkZjo6Oi93d3c1L3NjaG9vbHMvbGEvd2VzdGZlbGljaWFuYS9pbWFnZXMvZG9jbWdyLzQzMGZpbGUzMDQucGRm Archive]) [[West Feliciana Parish School System]]. 3. Retrieved on February 18, 2012.</ref> is several miles from Angola's main entrance, and many of its students lived on the Angola grounds.<ref name="Fairenlivens"/> On May 18, 2011, due to budget cuts, the parish school board voted to close Tunica Elementary.<ref name="Tunicaclosed"/>

===Fire station===
The fire station houses the Angola Emergency Medical Services Department staff, who provide fire and emergency services to the prison.<ref name="Photoalbum"/> The Angola Fire Department is registered as department number 63001 with the Louisiana Fire Marshal's Office. The department's equipment includes one engine, one tanker, and one rescue truck. Within Angola the department protects 500 buildings, including employee and prisoner housing quarters. The department has mutual aid agreements with West Feliciana Parish and with Wilkinson County, Mississippi.<ref>"[http://www.corrections.state.la.us/LSP/fire_department.php Fire Department] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130409022725/http://www.corrections.state.la.us/LSP/fire_department.php |date=2013-04-09 }}." Louisiana State Penitentiary. Retrieved on August 29, 2010.</ref>

===Religious sites===
[[File:StAugustineChurchAngola0.jpg|thumb|upright|St. Augustine Roman Catholic Church]]
The main entrance to Angola has an etched monument that refers to [[Epistle to the Philippians]] 3:15.<ref name="vonZeilbauer2">"Spinning Hope on Incarceration Station." ''[[The New York Times]]''. April 12, 2006. [https://www.nytimes.com/2006/04/12/arts/12radi.html?pagewanted=2&ei=5088&en=cb49333113b63809&ex=1302494400&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss 2]. Retrieved on August 25, 2010.</ref>

Reflecting the historic dominance of the Catholic church in south Louisiana, St. Augustine Church was built in the early 1950s and is staffed by the Roman Catholic Church. The New Life Interfaith Chapel was dedicated in 1982.<ref name="Photoalbum"/>

In the 2000s the main prison church, the churches for Camps C and D, and a grounds chapel were constructed as part of an effort<!-- by whom? --> to build chapels for every state-run prison facility. A staff and family of staff chapel was also under construction. Outside donations and ticket sales from the prison rodeo funded these churches.<ref name="Activities"/> The Camp C Chapel and the B-Line Chapel were both dedicated the same day.<ref name="CampCBLineChap">"[http://corrections.state.la.us/lsp/press_release.php#chapeldedications Chapel Dedications at Louisiana's Maximum-Security Prison] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101023065112/http://www.corrections.state.la.us/LSP/press_release.php#chapeldedications |date=October 23, 2010 }}." Louisiana State Penitentiary. Retrieved on August 24, 2010.</ref>

The most recent structure is Our Lady of Guadalupe Chapel, a {{convert|6000|sqft|m2|adj=on}} structure built with over $450,000 worth of materials donated by Latin American <!-- from where? they have nationalities -->businessmen Jorge Valdes and Fernando Garcia. Its design resembles [[Alamo Mission in San Antonio|The Alamo]] in San Antonio, Texas. Built in 38 days by 50 prisoners, it opened in December 2013. The interfaith church "includes seating for more than 200 and features paintings, furniture and stained-glass windows crafted by inmates."<ref>{{cite news|author=Parker, Kolten|url=http://www.mysanantonio.com/news/local/article/Louisiana-inmates-remember-the-Alamo-too-5266758.php|title=Louisiana inmates remember the Alamo, too|newspaper=[[San Antonio Express-News]]|date=February 25, 2014|access-date=November 30, 2016}}</ref>

{{anchor|Lake Killarney}}
===Recreational facilities===
[[File:ButlerParkAngola.jpg|thumb|Butler Park]]
Prison staff members have access to recreational facilities on the Angola property. Angola has ball fields, the Prison View Golf Course, a swimming pool, a tennis court, and a walking track.<ref name="Timeinprison34">"[http://www.corrections.state.la.us/Wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2009/10/Time_in_Prison11.pdf Time in Prison]." {{webarchive |url=https://www.webcitation.org/6Bdg2h6fj?url=http://www.corrections.state.la.us/Wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2009/10/Time_in_Prison11.pdf |date=October 23, 2012 }} [[Louisiana Department of Public Safety & Corrections]]. 34/40. Retrieved on September 23, 2010.</ref> Lake Killarney, an [[oxbow lake]] of the Mississippi River located on the prison grounds, has large [[crappie]] fish. The prison administration controls access to Lake Killarney, and few people fish there. The crappie fish grow very large.<ref name="Fishing"/>

Butler Park is a recreational facility on the edge of the Angola property. It houses gazebos, picnic tables, and barbecue pits. As of 1986, a prisoner who has no major disciplinary issues for at least a year may use the property.<ref>"[http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=DM&p_theme=dm&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0ED3CE85A7473CE8&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM HILLSIDE PICNICS ARE SWEET REWARD FOR INMATES]." [[Associated Press]] at ''[[The Dallas Morning News]]''. July 28, 1986. Retrieved on March 5, 2011.</ref>

====Prison View Golf Course====
Prison View Golf Course, a {{convert|6000|yard|m|sigfig=2|adj=on}}, 9-hole, 36-par golf course, is located on the grounds of Angola.<ref name="PrisonGolf"/> Prison View, the only golf course on the property of an American prison,<ref name="Plaisance">Plaisance, Stacey. "[http://www.boston.com/ae/tv/articles/2009/06/30/golf_channel_visits_louisiana_state_penitentiary_course/ Golf Channel visits La. prison course]." [[Associated Press]] at the ''[[Boston Globe]]''. June 30, 2009. Retrieved on November 3, 2010.</ref> is between the Tunica Hills and Camp J, at the intersection of B-Line Road and Camp J Road.<ref>"[http://prisonviewgolf.com/images/Course.jpg Course.jpg]." Prison View Golf Course. Retrieved on October 27, 2010.</ref> All individuals wishing to play are required to provide personal information 48 hours before their arrival, so the prison authorities can conduct background checks. Convicted felons and individuals on visitation lists are not permitted to play on the golf course.<ref name="PrisonGolf"/> Current prisoners at Angola are not permitted to play on the golf course.<ref name="Plaisance"/>

The golf course, constructed on the site of a former bull pasture, opened in June 2004<!--June 2004 is the previous June from March 2005-->. Prisoners performed most of the work to construct the course. Prisoners that the administration considers to be the most trustworthy are permitted to work at the golf course. Warden Burl Cain stated that he built the course so that employees would be encouraged to stay at Angola over weekends. He wanted them available to provide support in case of an emergency.<ref>Zieralski, Ed. "[http://www.signonsandiego.com/sports/golf/20050308-9999-lz1s8golf.html Golf course on prison grounds offers links to world outside]." ''[[San Diego Union-Tribune]]''. March 8, 2005. Retrieved on October 27, 2010.</ref>

===Guest house===
The "Ranch House" is a facility for prison guests.<ref name="CainDCI"/> James Ridgeway of ''Mother Jones'' described it as "a sort of clubhouse where the wardens and other officials get together in a convivial atmosphere for chow prepared by inmate cooks."<ref name=Ridgeway5>Ridgeway, James. "God's Own Warden." ''[[Mother Jones (magazine)|Mother Jones]]''. July/August 2011. p. [https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2011/07/burl-cain-angola-prison?page=5 5]. Retrieved on March 23, 2013.</ref> Originally constructed to serve as a conference center to supplement the meeting room in the Angola administration building, the "Ranch House" received its name after [[Burl Cain]] was selected as Warden. Cain had the building renovated to accommodate overnight guests. The renovations, which included the conversion of one room into a bedroom and the addition of a shower and fireplace, cost approximately $7,346.<ref name="CainDCI"/> Traditionally, prisoners who worked successfully as cooks in the Ranch House were later assigned to work as cooks at the Louisiana Governor's Mansion.

===Cemeteries===
[[File:PLISign.jpg|thumb|Point Lookout Cemetery, established after 1927; one of the prison cemeteries on the Angola property]]
[[File:PointLookoutIILSP.jpg|thumb|Point Lookout II]]
Point Lookout Cemetery is the prison cemetery, located on the north side of the Angola property, at the base of the Tunica Hills.<ref name="Photoalbum"/> Deceased prisoners from all state prisons had been buried here who were not claimed and transported elsewhere by family members.<ref name="Timeinprison33">"[http://www.corrections.state.la.us/Wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2009/10/Time_in_Prison11.pdf Time in Prison] {{webarchive |url=https://www.webcitation.org/6Bdg2h6fj?url=http://www.corrections.state.la.us/Wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2009/10/Time_in_Prison11.pdf |date=2012-10-23 }}." [[Louisiana Department of Public Safety & Corrections]]. 33/40. Retrieved on September 23, 2010.</ref> A white rail fence surrounds the cemetery. The current Point Lookout was created after a 1927 flood destroyed the previous cemetery, which was located between the current Camps C and D. In September 2001 a memorial was installed here that is dedicated to "Unknown Prisoners". The Point Lookout plot established after 1927 has 331 grave markers and an unknown number of bodies; it is considered full.<ref name="Photoalbum"/>

Point Lookout II, a cemetery annex {{convert|100|yd|m|abbr=off|sp=us|-1}} east of the original Point Lookout, opened in the mid-1990s; it has a capacity of 700 grave sites. As of 2010, 90 prisoners were buried at Point Lookout II.

===Angola Museum===
The '''Angola Museum''', operated by the nonprofit Louisiana State Penitentiary Museum Foundation, is the on-site prison museum. Visitors are charged $5 per adult admission fee, $3 per adult if the group is 10 or larger.<ref>"[http://angolamuseum.org/ Angola Museum]." Louisiana State Penitentiary Museum Foundation. Retrieved on August 25, 2010.</ref> The museum is located outside the prison's main gate,<ref name="Timeinprison34"/> in a former bank building.<ref name="Auzenne">Auzenne, Joshua. "[http://www.wafb.com/story/12481475/louisiana-state-penitentiary-at-angola?clienttype=printable&redirected=true Louisiana State Penitentiary at Angola]." ''[[WAFB-TV]]''. May 14, 2010. Updated on January 7, 2011. Retrieved on April 28, 2012.</ref>

===Angola Airstrip===
The prison includes the '''Angola Airstrip''' {{airport codes|||LA67}}.<ref name=AngolaFAA>{{FAA-airport|ID=LA67}} – Retrieved on October 26, 2010. ([https://web.archive.org/web/20120113042708/http://www.airnav.com/airport/LA67 Archive])</ref> The airstrip is used by state-owned aircraft to transport prisoners to and from Angola and for transporting officials on state business to and from Angola. The airport is used during daylight and [[visual flight rules]] times.<ref>"[http://www.airnav.com/airport/LA67 Angola Airstrip]." Airnav. Retrieved on October 26, 2010. "THIS AIRSTRIP IS USED ONLY FOR STATE OWNED PLANES FOR INMATES TO/FROM ANGOLA & FOR VISITING OFFLS ON STATE BUS DUR DAYLGT & VFR.."</ref>

===Other prison facilities and features===
[[File:AngolaLAPrison.jpg|thumb|The guard house at the Angola Main Entrance]]
The facility's main entrance has a metal-roofed guard house for review of traffic to and from the prison. Michael L. Varnado and Daniel P. Smith of ''Victims of Dead Man Walking'' stated that the guard house "looks like a large carport over the road.<ref name="Varnado179"/> " The guard house has long barriers, with Stop signs, to prevent automobiles entering and leaving the compound without the permission of the officers. To allow a vehicle access or egress, the officers manually raise the barriers.<ref name="Varnado179"/>

The Front Gate Visiting Processing Center, with a rated capacity of 272 persons, is the processing and security screening point for prison visitors.<ref name="Photoalbum"/> The [[United States Postal Service]] operates the Angola Post Office on the prison grounds.<ref>"[http://usps.whitepages.com/service/post_office/angola-11200-main-st-angola-la-1353087 Post Office Location – ANGOLA] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120612042324/http://usps.whitepages.com/service/post_office/angola-11200-main-st-angola-la-1353087 |date=2012-06-12 }}." [[United States Postal Service]]. Retrieved on July 20, 2010.</ref> It was established on October 2, 1887.<ref>"[http://webpmt.usps.gov/pmt008.cfm Postmaster Finder Post Offices by ZIP Code] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190428153255/https://webpmt.usps.gov/pmt008.cfm |date=April 28, 2019 }}." (enter "787" – first 3 numbers of Angola, LA zip code) [[United States Postal Service]]. Retrieved on September 23, 2011.</ref>

The David C. Knapps Correctional Officer Training Academy,<ref name="Anghist"/> the state training center for correctional officers, is located at the northwest corner of Angola,<ref name="Leadbelly100"/> in front of Camp F.<ref name="Buildinglist"/> Near the training center, Angola prisoners maintain the only nature preserve located on the grounds of a penal institution.<ref name="Leadbelly100"/> The R. E. Barrow, Jr., Treatment Center is located on the Angola premises.<ref name="Anghist"/>

The C.C. Dixon K-9 Training Center is the dog-training area.<ref>"[http://www.corrections.state.la.us/lsp/k-9.php K-9 Training Center] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130409022748/http://www.corrections.state.la.us/lsp/k-9.php |date=2013-04-09 }}." Louisiana State Penitentiary. Retrieved on August 29, 2010.</ref> It was named in 2002 to commemorate Connie Conrad Dixon, a dog trainer and K-9 officer, who died in 1997 aged 89.<ref>"[http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=AD&p_theme=ad&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0F73225D7030DE77&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM Angola prison dedicates "dog pen" to ex-K-9 officer]." ''[[The Advocate (Louisiana)|The Advocate]]''. November 8, 2002. Retrieved on March 14, 2011.</ref>

The Louisiana State Penitentiary Wastewater Treatment Plant serves the prison complex.<ref>"[http://www.deq.louisiana.gov/apps/pubNotice/show.asp?qPostID=5011&SearchText=&startDate=1/1/2005&endDate=9/23/2010&category= Public Notice DRAFT WATER DISCHARGE PERMIT LOUISIANA DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC SAFETY AND CORRECTIONS/LOUISIANA STATE PENITENTIARY AI Number 6634]." [[Louisiana Department of Environmental Quality]]. Retrieved on September 28, 2010.</ref> The prison also houses an all-purpose arena.<ref>"[http://angolamuseum.org/?q=node/54 Returning Hearts Celebration]." Louisiana State Penitentiary. June 23, 2011. Retrieved on July 4, 2011.</ref>

===History of infrastructure at the prison===
[[File:Camp H00.jpg|thumb|Camp H, a prisoner housing facility that is no longer in service]]
Camp A, the former slave quarters for the plantation, was the first building to house inmates. In the early 21st century, Camp A did not house prisoners.<ref name="Anghist"/>

Charles Wolfe and Kip Lornell, authors of ''The Life and Legend of Leadbelly'' (1992), stated that during the 1930s, Angola was "even further removed from decent civilization" than it was in the 1990s. The two added "that's the way the state of Louisiana wanted it, for Angola held some of the meanest inmates."<ref name="Leadbelly101"/>{{page needed|date=May 2017}}

In 1930 about 130 women, most of them black, were imprisoned in Camp D. In 1930 Camp A, which held around 700 black inmates, was close to the center of the Angola institution. Inmates worked on levee control, as the springtime high water posed a threat to Angola. The Mississippi River was nearly {{convert|1|mi|km}} wide in this area. Many inmates who tried to swim across drowned; few of their bodies were recovered.<ref name="Leadbelly101"/>{{page needed|date=May 2017}}

The prison hospital opened in the 1940s. The campus had only one permanent nurse and no permanent doctor.<ref name="Hoffa36"/>

In the 1980s the main road to Angola had not been paved.<ref name="Ashton1">Ashton, Linda. (Associated Press) "Louisiana Inmates Blame Unrest on Governor : Roemer's Stinginess With Clemency Has Created 'Time Bomb,' Lifers Claim", ''[[Los Angeles Times]]''. July 23, 1989. [http://articles.latimes.com/1989-07-23/news/mn-234_1_time-bomb/ 1]. Retrieved on March 22, 2011.</ref> It has since been black topped.{{Citation needed|date=February 2012}}

The outcamp buildings, constructed in 1939 as a WPA project during the Great Depression, were renovated in the 1970s. During May 1993 the buildings' fire safety violations were reported. In June of that year, [[Richard Stalder]], the Secretary of Corrections, said that Angola would close the buildings if LDP S&C did not find millions of dollars to improve the buildings.<ref>"[http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=AD&p_theme=ad&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0EB4774DFB379EB7&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM Angola violations threaten closures]." ''[[The Advocate (Louisiana)|The Advocate]]''. June 5, 1993. Retrieved on November 2, 2010.</ref>

====Red Hat Cell Block====
{{main|Red Hat Cell Block}}
[[File:RedHatsLSP2.jpg|thumb|[[Red Hat Cell Block]]]]
The most restrictive inmate housing unit was colloquially referred to as "[[Red Hat Cell Block]]",<ref name="NPSList">"[http://www.nps.gov/nr/listings/20030228.htm 20030228.htm]." [[National Park Service]]. February 28, 2003. Retrieved on March 13, 2011.</ref> after the red paint-coated straw hats that its occupants wore when they worked in the fields.<ref name="solitaryconf"/> "Red Hat", a one-story, 30-cell building at Camp E, was built in 1933.<ref>[[Billy Sinclair|Sinclair, Billy Wayne]] and Jodie Sinclair. ''A Life in the Balance: The Billy Wayne Sinclair Story''. [[Arcade Publishing]], 2000. [https://books.google.com/books?id=z84kkV52fW0C&dq=%22When+an+execution+drew+near+on+Louisiana%27s%22&pg=PA51 51]. Retrieved from ''[[Google Books]]'' on October 1, 2010. {{ISBN|1-55970-555-8}}, {{ISBN|978-1-55970-555-4}}.</ref> Brooke Shelby Biggs of ''[[Mother Jones (magazine)|Mother Jones]]'' reported that men who had lived in "Red Hat" "told of a dungeon crawling with rats, where dinner was served in stinking buckets splashed onto the floors."<ref name="solitaryconf"/>

Warden C. Murray Henderson phased out solitary confinement at "Red Hat".<ref name="sinclairs">Sinclair, Billy and Jodie Sinclair. ''A Life in the Balance: the Billy Wayne Sinclair Story''. [[Arcade Publishing]], 2000. [https://books.google.com/books?id=z84kkV52fW0C&dq=%22Hunt%27s+gesture+in+closing+the+infamous+cell+block%22&pg=PA132 132]. Retrieved from [[Google Books]] on October 28, 2010. {{ISBN|1-55970-555-8}}, {{ISBN|978-1-55970-555-4}}</ref> In 1972 his successor Elayn Hunt had "Red Hat" officially closed.<ref name="sinclairs"/>

In 1977 the administration made Camp J the most restrictive housing unit in Angola.<ref name="solitaryconf"/> On February 20, 2003, the [[National Park Service]] listed the Red Hat Cell Block on the [[National Register of Historic Places]] as #03000041.<ref name="NPSList"/>