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<p><b>New page</b></p><div>{{Sidebar with collapsible lists<br />
| pretitle = Part of [[:Category:Protestant Reformation|a series]] on the<br />
| name = Reformation<br />
| class = plainlist<br />
| style = line-height:1.4em;<br />
| bodystyle =<br />
| expanded = {{{expanded|{{{1|}}}}}}<br />
|title = [[Reformation]]<br />
|image = [[File:95Thesen facsimile colour.png|class=notpageimage|250px]]<br />
|caption = ''[[Ninety-five Theses]]'', written by [[Martin Luther]] in 1517<br />
| listtitlestyle =<br />
| liststyle =<br />
<!--|headingstyle = border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;--><br />
<br />
|list1name = Precursors<br />
|list1title = [[Proto-Protestantism|Precursors]]<br />
|list1 =<br />
*[[Peter Waldo]] and [[Waldensians]]<br />
*[[John Wycliffe]] and [[Lollardy]]<br />
*[[Jan Hus]] and [[Hussites]]<br />
*[[Girolamo Savonarola]] and [[Piagnoni]]<br />
*[[Arnold of Brescia]] and [[Arnoldists]]<br />
*[[Gottschalk of Orbais]]<br />
* [[Ratramnus]]<br />
* [[Claudius of Turin]]<br />
* [[Berengar of Tours]] and [[Berengarians]]<br />
* [[Wessel Gansfort]]<br />
* [[Johann Ruchrat von Wesel]]<br />
* [[Johannes von Goch]]<br />
* [[Friends of God]]<br />
* [[Pataria]]<br />
<br />
|list2name = Beginning<br />
|list2title = [[Martin Luther#The start of the Reformation|Beginning]]<br />
|list2 =<br />
*[[Ninety-five Theses]]<br />
*[[Diet of Worms]]<br />
*[[Luther Bible]]<br />
*[[Magisterial Reformation|Magisterials]]<br />
*[[Radical Reformation|Radicals]]<br />
<br />
|list3name = Contributing factors<br />
|list3title = Contributing factors<br />
|list3 =<br />
*[[Western Schism]]<br />
*[[Avignon Papacy]]<br />
*[[Bohemian Reformation]]<br />
*[[Northern Renaissance]]<br />
*[[Christian humanism]]<br />
*[[German mysticism]]<br />
*[[Johannes Gutenberg]] and his [[printing press]]<br />
*[[Erasmus]]<br />
*[[Johann Reuchlin]]<br />
<br />
|list4name = Theologies of seminal figures<br />
|list4title = Theologies of seminal figures<br />
|list4 =<br />
*[[Theology of Martin Luther]]<br />
*[[Theology of Huldrych Zwingli]]<br />
*[[Theology of John Calvin]]<br />
<br />
|list5name = Protestant Reformers<br />
|list5title = [[Protestant Reformers]]<br />
|list5 =<br />
*[[Martin Luther]]<br />
*[[Philip Melanchthon]]<br />
*[[Huldrych Zwingli]]<br />
*[[John Calvin]]<br />
*[[Martin Bucer]]<br />
*[[William Tyndale]]<br />
*[[Andreas Karlstadt]]<br />
*[[Theodore Beza]]<br />
*[[George Buchanan]]<br />
*[[Heinrich Bullinger]]<br />
*[[Peter Martyr Vermigli]]<br />
*[[William Farel]]<br />
*[[François Hotman]]<br />
*[[John Knox]]<br />
*[[Hubert Languet]]<br />
*[[Thomas Müntzer]]<br />
*[[Balthasar Hubmaier]]<br />
*[[Menno Simons]]<br />
*[[Thomas Cranmer]]<br />
*[[Richard Hooker]]<br />
*[[Jacobus Arminius]]<br />
*[[Roger Williams]]<br />
*[[List of Protestant Reformers|'''Many others''']]<br />
<br />
|list6name = By location<br />
|list6title = By location<br />
|list6 =<br />
*[[Germany in the early modern period|Germany]]<br />
*[[Reformation in Switzerland|Switzerland]] ([[History of Geneva#Reformation|Geneva]]/[[Reformation in Zürich|Zürich]])<br />
*[[English Reformation|England]]<br />
*[[Scottish Reformation|Scotland]]<br />
*[[History of the Netherlands#The Reformation|Netherlands]]<br />
*[[Bohemian Reformation|Czech Lands]]<br />
*[[Reformation in the Kingdom of Hungary|Hungary]]<br />
*[[History of Christianity in Romania#Reformation|Romania]]<br />
*[[History of Slovenia#Early modern period|Slovenia]]<br />
*[[Reformation in Denmark–Norway and Holstein|Denmark–Norway and Holstein]]<br />
*[[Reformation in Sweden|Sweden and Finland]]<br />
*[[Icelandic Reformation|Iceland]]<br />
*[[History of Estonia#The Reformation|Estonia]] and [[History of Latvia#German period, 1185–1561|Latvia]]<br />
*[[History of Austria#Austria in the Reformation and Counter-Reformation (1517–1564)|Austria]]<br />
*[[Huguenots|France]]<br />
*[[Reformation in Italy|Italy]]<br />
*[[Reformation in Poland|Poland-Lithuania]]<br />
*[[Reformation in Ireland|Ireland]]<br />
<br />
|list7name = Major political leaders<br />
|list7title = Major political leaders<br />
|list7 =<br />
*[[Henry VIII of England]]<br />
*[[Elizabeth I]]<br />
*[[Oliver Cromwell]]<br />
*[[James VI and I]]<br />
*[[William the Silent]]<br />
*[[Gaspard II de Coligny]]<br />
*[[Henry IV of France]]<br />
*[[Jeanne d'Albret]]<br />
*[[Stephen Bocskai]]<br />
*[[Gabriel Bethlen]]<br />
*[[Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden|Gustav II Adolf]]<br />
*[[Frederick V of the Palatinate|Frederick V, Elector Palatine]]<br />
*[[Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse|Philip I of Hesse]]<br />
'''Electors of Saxony'''<br />
{{flatlist}}<br />
*[[Frederick III, Elector of Saxony|Frederick III]]<br />
*[[John Frederick I, Elector of Saxony|John Frederick I]]{{endflatlist}}<br />
<br />
|list8name = Counter-Reformation<br />
|list8title = Counter-Reformation<br />
|list8 =<br />
{{flatlist}}<br />
*[[Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Council of Trent]]{{endflatlist}}<br />
{{flatlist}}<br />
*[[Counter-Reformation#Politics|Counter-Reformation § Politics]]{{endflatlist}}<br />
{{flatlist}}<br />
*[[Censorship of the Bible#16th century|Censorship of the Bible § 16th century]]{{endflatlist}}<br />
{{flatlist}}<br />
*[[Anti-Protestantism]]<br />
*[[Criticism of Protestantism|Criticism]]{{endflatlist}}<br />
'''Holy Roman Emperors'''<br />
{{flatlist}}<br />
*[[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles V]]<br />
*[[Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor|Ferdinand II]]{{endflatlist}}<br />
<br />
|list9name = Political and religious conflicts<br />
|list9title = [[European wars of religion|Political and religious conflicts]]<br />
|list9 =<br />
*[[Thirty Years' War]]<br />
*[[French Wars of Religion]]<br />
*[[Eighty Years' War]]<br />
*[[Wars of the Three Kingdoms|War of the Three Kingdoms]]<br />
*[[German Peasants' War]]<br />
*[[Wars of Kappel]]<br />
*[[Schmalkaldic War]]<br />
<br />
|list10name = Art and literature<br />
|list10title = Art and literature<br />
|list10 =<br />
<br />
'''Painting and sculpture'''<br />
{{flatlist}}<br />
*[[Northern Mannerism#Northern Mannerism, politics and religion|Northern Mannerism]]<br />
*[[Lutheran art#Reformation era|Lutheran art]]{{endflatlist}}<br />
{{flatlist}}<br />
*[[German Renaissance#Art|German Renaissance Art]]<br />
*[[Swedish art#Renaissance and Baroque art|Swedish art]]{{endflatlist}}<br />
{{flatlist}}<br />
*[[English art#16th and 17th centuries|English art]]<br />
*[[Old master print#The North after Dürer|Woodcuts]]{{endflatlist}}<br />
{{flatlist}}<br />
*[[Art in the Protestant Reformation and Counter-Reformation|Art conflicts]]<br />
*[[Beeldenstorm]]{{endflatlist}}<br />
<br />
'''Building'''<br />
*[[Church architecture#The Reformation and its influence on church architecture|Influence on church architecture]]<br />
<br />
'''Literature'''<br />
{{flatlist}}<br />
*[[Elizabethan literature|Elizabethan]]<br />
*[[Metaphysical poets]]<br />
*[[Propaganda during the Reformation|Propaganda]]{{endflatlist}}<br />
{{flatlist}}<br />
*[[Welsh-language literature#16th and 17th centuries|Welsh]]<br />
*[[Scottish literature#Early modern era|Scottish]]<br />
*[[Irish literature#The manuscript tradition|Anglo-Irish]]<br />
*[[German literature#German Renaissance and Reformation|German]]{{endflatlist}}<br />
{{flatlist}}<br />
*[[Czech literature#Reformation|Czech]]<br />
*[[Swiss literature#Emergence of vernacular literature|Swiss]]<br />
*[[Slovak literature#1500-1650|Slovak]]<br />
*[[Sorbian literature|Sorbian]]<br />
*[[Romanian literature#Beginnings|Romanian]]<br />
*[[Danish literature#16th and 17th centuries|Danish]]<br />
*[[Bohorič alphabet]]{{endflatlist}}<br />
{{flatlist}}<br />
*[[Faroese literature#Reformation era|Faroese]]<br />
*[[Norwegian literature#"Four Hundred Years of Darkness"|Norwegian]]<br />
*[[Swedish literature#Reformation literature|Swedish]]<br />
*[[Finnish literature#Pre-Nineteenth century|Finnish]]{{endflatlist}}<br />
{{flatlist}}<br />
*[[Icelandic literature#Middle Icelandic literature|Icelandic]]<br />
*[[Dutch Renaissance and Golden Age literature|Dutch Renaissance and Golden Age]]{{endflatlist}}<br />
{{flatlist}}<br />
*[[Folklore of the Low Countries#In folk tales|Folklore of the Low Countries]]{{endflatlist}}<br />
{{flatlist}}<br />
*[[Renaissance humanism#Sixteenth century and beyond|16th century Renaissance humanism]]<br />
{{endflatlist}}<br />
{{flatlist}}<br />
*[[16th century in poetry]]<br />
*[[16th century in literature]]{{endflatlist}}<br />
<br />
'''Theater'''<br />
*[[English Renaissance theatre]]<br />
*[[Pastoral#Pastoral plays|Pastoral]]<br />
{{flatlist}}<br />
*[[Morality play|Morality]]<br />
*[[History (theatrical genre)#Early Modern Origins|History]]<br />
*[[Tragedy#Britain|Tragedy]]<br />
*[[Revenge play|Revenge]]{{endflatlist}}<br />
<br />
|list11name = Music<br />
|list11title = Music<br />
|list11 =<br />
'''Forms'''<br />
{{flatlist}}<br />
*[[Hymnody of continental Europe#Reformation|Hymnody of continental Europe]]{{endflatlist}}<br />
{{flatlist}}<br />
*[[Early music of the British Isles#Reformation|Music of the British Isles]]<br />
*[[Hymn tune#The Reformation|Hymn tune]]{{endflatlist}}<br />
{{flatlist}}<br />
*[[Lutheran chorale]]<br />
*[[Lutheran hymn]]{{endflatlist}}<br />
{{flatlist}}<br />
*[[Anglican church music#History|Anglican church music]]<br />
*[[Exclusive psalmody]]{{endflatlist}}<br />
{{flatlist}}<br />
*[[Church music in Scotland#Impact of the Reformation|Scottish church music]]<br />
*[[Normative principle of worship|Normative principle]]<br />
{{endflatlist}}<br />
{{flatlist}}<br />
*[[Anglican chant]]<br />
*[[Homophony]] vs. [[Polyphony#European polyphony|Polyphony]]{{endflatlist}}<br />
{{flatlist}}<br />
*[[Falsobordone]]<br />
*[[Verse anthem]]<br />
{{endflatlist}}<br />
<br />
'''Liturgies'''<br />
{{flatlist}}<br />
*[[Reformed worship#General principles and historical overview|Reformed worship]]<br />
*[[Regulative principle of worship#John Calvin's Liturgy|Calvin's liturgy]]{{endflatlist}}<br />
{{flatlist}}<br />
*[[Formula missae]]<br />
*[[Deutsche Messe]]{{endflatlist}}<br />
{{flatlist}}<br />
*[[Liturgical struggle|Liturgical Struggle]]<br />
*[[Ecclesiastical Latin]]{{endflatlist}}<br />
{{flatlist}}<br />
*[[Mass (music)#Renaissance|Lutheran and Anglican Mass]] in music{{endflatlist}}<br />
{{flatlist}}<br />
*[[Cyclic mass]] vs. [[Paraphrase mass]]{{endflatlist}}<br />
{{flatlist}}<br />
*[[Pre-Tridentine Mass|Roman]] vs. [[Use of Sarum|Sarum]] Rites{{endflatlist}}<br />
{{flatlist}}<br />
*[[Sequence (musical form)|Sequence]] (retained by Lutherans, mostly banned by Trent){{endflatlist}}<br />
<br />
'''Hymnals'''<br />
{{flatlist}}<br />
*''[[First Lutheran hymnal|First]]'' and ''[[Erfurt Enchiridion|Second]]'' Lutheran hymnals{{endflatlist}}<br />
{{flatlist}}<br />
*''[[Eyn geystlich Gesangk Buchleyn|First Wittenberg hymnal]]''<br />
*''[[Ausbund]]''<br />
{{endflatlist}}<br />
{{flatlist}}<br />
*''[[Swenske songer eller wisor 1536|Swenske songer]]''<br />
*''[[Thomissøn's hymnal]]''<br />
{{endflatlist}}<br />
{{flatlist}}<br />
*''[[Book of Common Prayer]]''<br />
*[[Metrical psalter]]s{{endflatlist}}<br />
{{flatlist}}<br />
*''[[Book of Common Order]]''<br />
*''[[Souterliedekens]]''<br />
{{endflatlist}}<br />
{{flatlist}}<br />
*''[[Genevan Psalter]]''<br />
*''[[Hymnbooks of the Church of Scotland#Scottish Psalter (1564)|Scottish Psalter]]''{{endflatlist}}<br />
{{flatlist}}<br />
*''[[Whole Book of Psalms]]''{{endflatlist}}<br />
<br />
|list12name = Conclusion and commemorations<br />
|list12title = Conclusion and commemorations<br />
|list12 =<br />
'''Conclusion'''<br />
*[[Creed#Christian confessions of faith|Confessionalization]] with subsequent [[Template:17th Century Scholasticism|Protestant orthodoxy]]<br />
*[[Peace of Westphalia]]<br />
*Simultaneous rise of [[Pietism]] and [[Rationalism#Classical rationalism|Rationalism]]<br />
<br />
'''Monuments'''<br />
{{flatlist}}<br />
*[[Reformation Wall]]<br />
*[[Luther Monument]]s{{endflatlist}}<br />
<br />
'''Calendrical commemoration'''<br />
{{flatlist}}<br />
*[[Reformation Day]]<br />
*[[Calendar of saints (Lutheran)|Lutheran]]<br />
*[[List of Anglican Church calendars|Anglican]]{{endflatlist}}<br />
<br />
|below = [[Protestantism]]<br />
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